The ‘NE555′ Timer Chip
There is an exceptionally useful chip designated by the number 555.
This chip is designed to be used in oscillator and timer
circuits. Its use is so widespread that the chip price is very
low for its capability. It can operate with voltages from 5 Volts
to 18 Volts and its output can handle 200 mA. It takes 1 mA when
its output is low and 10 mA when its output is high. It comes in
an 8-pin Dual-In-Line package and there is a 14-pin package version
which contains two separate 555 circuits. The pin connections
are:

This device can operate as a monostable or astable multivibrator, a
Schmitt trigger or an inverting buffer (low current input, high current
output).
Here it is wired as a Schmitt trigger, and for variation, it is shown
triggering a triac which will then stay on until the circuit is powered
down (an SCR could be used just as well with this DC circuit):

And here, a monostable:

And here are two astables, the second of which has fixed, equal
mark/space ratio and the first a high output voltage time determined by
Ra + Rb and a low voltage output time determined by Rb (2:1 in this
case):



Note: The high leakage of large value electrolytic capacitors
prevents them being used with high value resistors in timing circuits.
Instead, use a smaller capacitor and follow the timing circuit with a
“divide-by-N” chip to give accurately timed long periods. Not all 555
chips have a manufacturing quality sufficient for them to operate
reliably above 20,000 Hz, so for the higher frequencies the chip needs
to be selected after testing its actual performance.
We can also wire the 555 to give a variable mark/space ratio while holding the frequency of the oscillation fixed:

The output waveform changes drastically as the variable resistor is
adjusted, but the frequency (or pitch of the note) of the output stays
unaltered.
A variable-frequency version of this circuit can be produced by changing the 33K resistor to a variable resistor as shown here:

Here, the 33K resistor has been replaced by two variable resistors and
one fixed resistor. The main variable resistor is 47K in size (an
almost arbitrary choice) and it feeds to a second variable resistor of
4.7K in size. The advantage of this second variable resistor is
that it can be set to it’s mid point and the frequency tuning done with
the 47K variable. When the frequency is approximately correct,
the 4.7K variable can be used to fine tune the frequency. This is
convenient as the small variable will have ten times more knob movement
compared to the main variable (being just 10% of its value).
Obviously, it is not necessary to have the fine-tuning variable
resistor, and it can be omitted without changing the operation of the
circuit. As the 47K variable resistor can be set to zero
resistance and the 4.7K variable resistor can also be set to zero
resistance, to avoid a complete short-circuit between output pin 3 and
the 50K Mark/Space variable resistor, a 3.3K fixed resistor is included.
In this circuit, the frequency is set by your choice of the
resistor chain 47K + 4.7K + 3.3K (adjustable from 55K to 3.3K) and the
100nF (0.1 microfarad) capacitor between pin 6 and the zero volt rail.
Making the capacitor larger, lowers the frequency range.
Making the resistors larger, also lowers the frequency range.
Naturally, reducing the size of the capacitor and/or reducing the size
of the resistor chain, raises the frequency.
One 555 chip can be used to gate a second 555 chip via its pin 4
‘Reset’ option. You will recall that we have already developed a
circuit to do this using two astables and a transistor. We also
generated the same effect using four NAND gates. Here, we will
create the same output waveform using the more conventional circuitry of
two 555 chips:

Both of the 555 circuits can be bought in a single 14-pin DIL package which is designated ‘556’.
There are many additional circuit types which can be created with the
555 chip. If you wish to explore the possibilities, I suggest
that you get a copy of the book “IC 555 Projects” by E.A. Parr, ISBN
0-85934-047-3.
All right, suppose that we want to design and build a circuit to do
the same as Bob Beck’s pulser circuit mentioned in chapter 11. The
requirements are to produce a square wave output pulsing four times per
second using a 27 volt power supply, the circuit being powered by three
small PP3 size batteries. An obvious choice for the circuit seems to be a
555 timer chip which is small, robust and cheap and a suitable circuit
would appear to be:

This leaves us with choosing a value for the capacitor and the resistor.
We need to pay attention to the fact that the circuit will be running
on 27 volts and while the capacitor will not charge up to anything like
that voltage, we still will pick one which will survive 27V. Looking on
the local eBay shows that a pack of ten capacitors of 1 microfarad rated
at 50V can be bought for just £1 including postage, so take that as the
value for “C”. Looking at the 555 table of frequencies above shows:

Which indicates that to get the circuit switching four times per second
(4 Hz) the resistor “R” will need to be somewhere between 100K and 470K.
With my capacitor, 120K is about right.
While the switching frequency does not have to be exact, let’s aim at
getting it correct. Most reasonably priced components have a tolerance
of around 10% so we need to select our resistor/capacitor combination
for the exact values of the actual components which we will use. For
this, it is worth building the circuit on a solder-less ‘breadboard’, so
looking on eBay again we find that a suitable small plug-in board can
be bought and delivered for £3. It looks like this :

These type of boards allow ICs to be plugged in spanning the central
divide, leaving up to five extra connections on every pin. Short lengths
of solid-core wire can be used to connect between any two socket holes.
This will allow us to plug in one of our capacitors and find what
resistor (or what two resistors) make the circuit switch forty times in
ten seconds.
However, if we go to www.alldatasheet.co.kr and download the data pdf for the NE555 chip, we find that the maximum 555 chip voltage is quite limited:

This means that the chip is liable to burn out instantly if it is fed
more than 16 volts. As we need to run our circuit on 27V this is a
problem. As the 27V is being provided by three separate batteries, we
could supply the 555 chip from just one of the batteries and run it on
9V which would be ok from the point of view of the chip as the table
above shows that it can operate correctly with a supply voltage as low
as 4.5 volts. The disadvantage of that arrangement is that one of the
batteries will run down more quickly than the others and it would be
nice to avoid that.
The table also shows that the current draw just to keep the 555
running can be anything from 6 to 15 milliamps. That is not a large
current but the PP3 batteries have been chosen for their small size,
allowing the whole circuit to be strapped to a person’s wrist. A quick
search on the internet shows that cheap PP3 batteries have a capacity of
400 milliamp-hours and the very expensive alkaline types 565
milliamp-hours. These ratings are the “C20” values, based on the battery
being discharged at a constant current over a period of twenty hours,
which would be ten days of use if Bob Beck’s two hours per day protocol
is followed.
This means that the ‘cheap’ batteries should not be discharged at
more than one twentieth of their 400 mAHr rating, which is 20 mA. The
expensive alkaline batteries should be able to be discharged at 28 mA
for twenty hours.
Our current draw is made up of two parts. The first part is supplying
the circuit with the current which it needs to run. The second part is
the current flowing through the body of the user. This second part is
limited by the 820 ohm resistor in the output line which limits that
part of the current to a maximum of 33 milliamps (Ohm’s Law: Amps =
Volts /Resistance). This neglects the body resistance and assumes that
the output control variable resistor is set to minimum resistance, which
is unlikely.
Checking these values shows that the 555 chip is liable to draw as
much current as the circuit supplies through the output electrodes.
However, let’s go ahead with the circuit, after all, we might decide to
use rechargeable PP3 batteries which would overcome the need to buy new
batteries every few days.
The first essential requirement is to provide the 555 chip with a
voltage of, say, 10 volts when it is running in the completed circuit.
That could be done with one of the voltage-stabiliser integrated
circuits:

That is not a particularly expensive option, but those chips draw a
current in order to provide the voltage stabilisation and an absolutely
steady voltage is not needed by the 555 chip. Alternatively, we could
use a resistor and a 10V zener diode:

But that method does waste some current flowing through the zener in
order to provide the wanted voltage. The most simple method is to use a
resistor and a capacitor:

Considerable care is needed when selecting the resistor value “R”. If
the value is too low, then the voltage passed to the 555 chip will be
too high and the chip will burn out. When selecting the resistor “R”,
start with a higher value than expected and then substitute slightly
lower value resistors while monitoring the voltage across the capacitor
to make sure that it stays low enough. The resistor value can be
assessed using Ohm’s Law. Assuming a current of about 6 mA, the voltage
drop across the resistor being (27 – 10) = 17 volts, then a resistor of
about 2.83K (as Ohms = Volts / Amps) which suggests that starting with a
4.7K resistor is likely to be ok, and then picking each lower standard
resistor in turn until a satisfactory voltage across the capacitor is
reached.
The capacitor could be 12V or 15V rated, but if one rated at a higher
voltage is used, then if it is accidentally connected across the full
27V it will not be harmed in any way. The larger the capacitance, the
better, say 220 microfarads which can be got for a few pence on eBay. If
you want to play safe, you could connect a 12V zener diode across the
capacitor. It will not draw any current under normal working conditions,
but if anything should cause the voltage on the capacitor to rise, then
it will fire up and hold the voltage down to a safe 12V level. I would
be inclined to see the zener as being unnecessary, but the choice is
always yours.
So what resistor power rating is needed? Well, if the resistor turns
out to be a 2.7K and the capacitor voltage ends up as 9.5 volts, then
the average voltage across the resistor is 17.5V which makes the current
through it 6.48 mA and as Watts = Volts x Amps, the power rating needs
to be 113 milliwatts, so the typical quarter-watt (250 mW) resistor
should be perfectly ok. If two (nearly equal value) resistors in
parallel are used to get some intermediate value of “R” then that
increases the overall resistor wattage.
The output of the 555 chip is then used to drive the remainder of the
circuit which operates at 27V. A BC109C transistor costs only a few
pence, can handle the voltage and has a minimum gain of 200 although the
gain can be anything up to 800 and a BC109 can handle the current quite
easily. If you need to find out any of these things, then download a
datasheet for the transistor from the internet.
The output of the 555 timer is on pin 3 and it can easily supply 200
mA which is far, far more current than we would ever need for this
circuit. We can feed the 555 square-wave output to the 27V electrodes
using a transistor:

As the transistor is made of silicon, the switch-on voltage is when the
base voltage is about 0.7 volts above the emitter voltage. That means
that when the transistor is switched on, the top of resistor “R1” will
be at around 10 volts and the bottom of “R1” will be at about 0.7 volts,
which means that the voltage across “R1” will be (10 – 0.7) = 9.3
Volts. When that voltage is present across “R1” we want it to feed
sufficient current to the transistor to switch it on fully. The
transistor supplies a 100K resistor (which will carry 0.27 mA when 27
volts is across it) and the electrodes which will have a minimum
resistance of 820 ohms across them (causing a current of 33 mA through
them). So, the transistor might have to supply about 33 mA maximum. The
BC109C transistor has a minimum gain of 200 so the current flowing into
the base needs to be 33 / 200 = 0.165 mA and the resistor which will
carry that current when it has 9.3 volts across it is 56.3K. A somewhat
smaller resistor will suit.
A commonsense check that the resistor calculation is correct is:
A 1K resistor carries 1 mA per volt and so will carry 9.3 mA with 9.3 volts across it.
A 10K resistor will carry one tenth of that amount, or 0.93 mA with 9.3 volts across it.
A 100K resistor will carry one tenth of that again, or 0.093 mA with 9.3 volts across it.
This indicates that for a current of 0.165 mA which is about twice the
100K current, a resistor of about half of 100K should be about the right
value, so 56.3K looks correct.
Considering that the gain of 200 is the minimum and three or four
times that is typical, we could perhaps choose to use a 47K resistor for
“R1”
As the electrode current is likely to be considerably less than 33 mA
and as the BC109C gain is likely to be very high, it could be quite
difficult to get the transistor to switch off as it can operate on very
tiny amounts of input current. To get it to switch on and off cleanly
when the 555 output voltage is say, about 5 volts, (at which point the
NE555 voltage will be changing very rapidly), “R2” is included. With it
in place, the output voltage of the NE555 is divided between “R1” and
“R2” in the ratio of their resistances. The situation we want is:

When The transistor is not switched on, it draws almost no current and
so looks like a very high value resistor to the circuit. This allows the
“R1” and “R2” resistors to act as a voltage-divider pair. This causes
the voltage at point “A” to be determined by the ratio of “R1” to “R2”
and the transistor can be ignored provided that the voltage at point “A”
is below 0.7 volts. If the voltage at that point rises to 0.7 volts
then the situation changes dramatically and Ohm’s Law no longer holds as
the transistor is not a passive resistor but instead, is an active
semi-conductor device. If the voltage at point “A” tries to rise further
it can’t because the transistor base clamps it solidly there by
appearing to be an ever lower resistor between the base and the emitter
of the transistor. So for higher input voltages, resistor “R2” might as
well not be there for all the difference it makes.
So, what value do we need for “R2” in order for the voltage at point
“A” to be 0.7V when pin 3 of the NE555 reaches 5V? Well, that part of
the circuit is acting in a resistive fashion and so Ohm’s Law can be
used. The resistor “R1” is 47K and has 4.3 volts across it, which means
that the current through it must be 0.915 mA. That means that “R2” has
0.7V across it and 0.915 mA flowing through it which means that it has a
value of 7.65K. A standard 8.2K or 6.8K resistor could be used as there
is nothing dramatically important about the 5V switching point. If you
were fussed about getting exactly 7.65K (and you shouldn’t be), then you
can get that value by combining two standard resistors, either in
series or in parallel.
A common sense method of working out the value of “R2” is to use the
fact that as the same current flows through them (no matter what that
current happens to be), then the ratio of the voltage will be the same
as the ratio of the resistors. That is: 0.7V / 4.3V = “R2” / 47K or “R2”
= 47K x 0.7 / 4.3 which is 7.65K.
We have now reached the point where we can determine the resistor
value needed to provide a reasonable voltage for the NE555 timer chip,
the circuit being:

The “Rx” value is going to be fairly close to 270K so you can use that
value when testing to find a suitable value for “R” (2.2K in my case).
The capacitor across the NE555 chip should be as large a capacitance as
is convenient, bearing in mind that the entire circuit, batteries, etc.
is to fit into a small case to be strapped to a wrist. One way that the
components could be positioned on the plug-board is:

Remember that when trying various resistors for “R” you need to start
high at about 4.7K and the resulting voltage on the capacitor shows the
voltage drop across your first resistor choice and so, the actual
current being drawn by your particular NE555 chip. That calculated
current will allow you to calculate the resistor value needed to give 10
volts or so, allowing your next resistor to be tested to be almost
exact in value.
For checking the frequency produced by the circuit, any ordinary LED
can be used as a temporary measure. It can be connected across the 100K
‘load’ resistor between the transistor collector and the +27V positive
supply line. A current-limiting resistor is essential to stop the LED
burning out instantly. If we allow a current of 5 mA to flow through the
LED then since the current-limiting resistor has some 26.3 volts across
it, then it’s value will be about 5.4K (1K would give 26 mA, 2K would
give 13 mA, 3K would give 9 mA, 4K would give 6.5 mA) and so a 4.7K
resistor works well. This LED and resistor are shown in the layout
above. Please remember that if your BC109C transistor has a metal case,
then that case is normally connected internally to the collector and so,
care must be taken that the case does not short-circuit to anything
else.
If it is considered important to maximise battery life by reducing
the current draw to a minimum, then perhaps using an astable circuit
might be a good choice. In common with most electronic circuits, there
are many different ways to design a suitable circuit to do the required
job. The BC109C transistor can handle the 27V and so we might aim at a
current draw for the circuit of just 3 mA. If 2 mA were to flow through
the astable transistors when they are switched on, then with 27V across
them, the resistors would be 13.5K which is not a standard value. We
might select 12K to give a 2.25 mA current, or 15K to give 1.8 mA.
Either should be satisfactory. The circuit might then be:

As the voltage swing feeding the output transistor has now risen from
10V to 27V the voltage-divider resistors can now increase in value by
2.7 times, giving around 127K and 22.1K for these resistors. However,
the situation is not the same as for the NE555 chip which can supply at
least 200 mA at the voltage-high output level. Instead, the transistor
becomes such a high resistance that it can be ignored, but the 12K
remains in the path which supplies the base current for the output
transistor and it will in fact, add to the upper resistor of the
voltage-divider pair. So while a 100K resistor is shown, it is
effectively 112K due to that extra 12K resistor between it and the +27V
supply line. The astable transistors will be switching fast at the point
where the output transistor changes state, so the output square wave
should be good quality. The BC109C transistor can switch on and off a
hundred million times per second, so it’s performance in this circuit
should be very good. A test breadboard layout might be:

We now need to choose the timing components. For an even 50% duty cycle
where each transistor is ON for half the time and OFF for half the time,
the two timing capacitors can be the same size and then the two timing
resistors will have the same value, in my case, 330K but it depends on
the actual capacitors used.
Bob Beck’s design calls for the LED display to be running when the
unit is switched on and then be disconnected when the electrodes are
plugged into a 3.5 mm socket mounted on the case containing the circuit.
The switched socket looks like this:

When the plug is not inserted into the socket, pin 1 connects to pin 2
and pin 3 is not connected to anything. When the plug is inserted, then
pin 1 is isolated, pin 2 is connected to plug pin 4 and pin 3 is
connected to plug pin 5.
The Beck circuit is connected to the output socket like this:

This arrangement will give a 27V 4Hz square wave output through the jack
socket. But, Bob Beck’s original circuit did not do that. Instead, it
was like this:

Here, a relay operates two change-over switch contacts which are used to
reverse the battery bank contacts four times per second. That is
different from just producing a positive-going square wave voltage
between the two output terminals. If you were to consider a resistor
connected across the output socket, then with the relay switching, the
direction of the current reverses four times per second, but with the
square wave, while it starts and stops four times per second, the
direction of the current is always the same and there is no reversal of
direction.
As Bob wanted to avoid using a relay which clicks four times per
second all the way through the two-hour treatment described in chapter
11 and in the “Take Back Your Power” pdf on the www.free-energy-info.com web site, he redesigned the circuit using the very impressive LM358/A integrated circuit:

This chip draws only half of one milliamp, has two very high-gain
operational amplifiers and can operate with a wide range of supply
voltages. It is also inexpensive.
Bob displays the circuit as:

Bob states that the first section acts as a 4Hz square-wave signal
generator, the frequency being controlled by the 2.4M resistor “R1” and
the 100nF capacitor “C1”. The data sheet for the LM358 states that the
output voltage swing is between zero volts and 1.5V less than the supply
voltage “Vcc” (which is +27V in this case). That implies that, as would
be expected, the pin 1 output voltage from the first stage will switch
sharply from 0V to +25.5V and sharply back again, four times per second.
It is difficult to follow the circuit as it is drawn, so it might be a little easier to follow when drawn like this:

The output from the first amplifier inside the LM358 package is on pin 1
and it can supply a large amount of current (if a large current is ever
needed). That output goes straight to one of the jack socket
connections. It also goes the pin 6 input of the second amplifier inside
the chip and that causes the high-power output of that amplifier on pin
7 to be the opposite of the pin 1 voltage. When pin 1 goes high to
+25.5 volts, then pin 7 goes low, to about zero volts. That output is
also fed to the other jack socket connection, placing 25.5 volts across
the electrodes when they are plugged in to the jack socket.
When the oscillator circuitry connected to the first amplifier causes
the voltage on pin 1 to go low, then the output on pin 7 inverts it and
so it goes to +25.5 volts. You will notice that while the overall
voltage of 25.5 volts is applied again to the jack socket, the polarity
is now reversed, achieving what the relay circuit does (although 1.5
volts is lost in the process). This is a neat solution.
Bob uses a two-colour LED to confirm that the circuit is working
correctly before the electrodes are plugged in. He chooses to do it this
way:

The two 18V zener diodes drop off 18.7 of the 25.5 volts as one will be
forward biased dropping 0.7 volts and the other reversed biased,
dropping off 18 volts. That leaves a 7V drop for the LED, which is a bit
excessive, so Bob says that he uses a capacitor to limit the current.
As there is already an 820 ohm resistor in the LED current path through
the socket, the capacitor is not needed. The variable resistor need to
be set to it’s minimum resistance by rotating it’s shaft fully clockwise
so that it does not affect the LED brightness as the zeners also show
when the battery voltage has dropped as there will no longer be
sufficient voltage to light the LED brightly, indicating that the
batteries need to be replaced (or recharged if they are rechargeable
batteries). When testing the circuit, an alternative to the two zeners
is to use a 4.7K resistor and if a bi-colour LED is not to hand, then
two ordinary LEDs can be used back to back like this:

With this arrangement, the two LEDs flash alternately. In any circuit, a
capacitor with a higher voltage rating can always be used if the
capacitance values are the same. The Beck external circuit is completed
through the body of the user, so there is just one electrode connected
to each side of the output jack socket. A possible plug-board layout is:

The 4.7K resistor and LEDs are only on the board for testing purposes
and when the circuit is built in permanent form, then the LED chain
connects to pin 1 of the jack socket so that the LEDs are disconnected
during the two hours of daily treatment recommended when using the
device.
One stripboard layout using the standard 9-strip 25-hole board and
incorporating the two 18V zener diodes for voltage sensing is:

When using a Beck device, it is very important to pay attention to the
precautions which Bob sets out. These are in his “Take Back Your Power”
pdf document: www.free-energy-info.com/Beck.pdf
which includes the following, which, while it refers to treatment to
deal with HIV, presumably applies to all treatments with his device:
EXPANDED INSTRUCTIONS FOR EXPERIMENTAL / THEORETICAL HIV BLOOD NEUTRALIZATION
HYPOTHETICAL PROTOCOLS FOR EXPERIMENTAL SESSIONS Revision March 20, 1997. Copyright 8 1991/1997 Robert C. Beck
PRECAUTIONS: Do NOT
use wrist to wrist current flow with subjects who have cardiac
pacemakers. Any applied electrical signals may Interfere with ‘demand’
type heart pacers and cause malfunction. Single wrist locations should
be acceptable. Do NOT use on pregnant women, while driving or using
hazardous machinery.
Users MUST avoid Ingesting anything containing medicinal herbs,
foreign or domestic, or potentially toxic medication. nicotine, alcohol,
recreational drugs. laxatives, tonics. and certain vitamins etc., for
one week before starting because blood electrification can cause
electroporation which makes cell membranes pervious to small quantities
of normally harmless-chemicals in plasma. The effect Is the same as
extreme overdosing which might be lethal. See Electroporation: a General
Phenomenon for Manipulating Cells and Tissues; J.C. Weaver, Journal of
Cellular Biochemistry 51:426-435 (1993). Effects can mimic increasing
dosages many fold. Both the magnetic pulsar and blood purifier cause
electroporation.
Do NOT place electrode pads over skin lesions, abrasions, new scars,
cuts, eruptions, or sunburn. Do NOT advance output amplitude to
uncomfortable levels. All subjects will vary. Do NOT fall asleep while
using. The magnetic pulser should be safe to use anywhere on body or
head.
Avoid ingesting alcohol 24 hours before using. Drink an 8 oz. glass
of distilled water 15 minutes before and immediately following each
session end drink at least four additional glasses daily for flushing
during ‘neutralization’ and for one week thereafter. This Is imperative.
Ignoring this can cause systemic damage from unflushed toxic wastes.
When absolutely essential drugs must be ingested, do so a few minutes
after electrification then wait 24 hours before next session.
If subject feels sluggish, faint, dizzy, headachy, light-headed or
giddy, nauseous. bloated or has flu-like symptoms or rashes after
exposures, reduce pulsing per session and/or shorten applications of
electrification. Drink more water-preferably ozonized -to speed waste
oxidation and disposal. Use extreme caution when treating patients with
impaired kidney or liver function. Start slowly at first like about 20
minutes per day to reduce detoxification problems.
To avoid shock liability, use batteries only. Do NOT use any
line-connected power supply, transformer, charger, battery eliminator,
etc. with blood clearing device. However line supplies are OK with
well-insulated magnetic pulse generators (strobe lights).
Health professionals: Avoid nicotine addicts, vegans, and other
unconsciously motivated death-wishers and their covert agendas of
‘defeat the healer’. Tobacco, the most addictive (42times more addictive
than heroin) and deadly substance of abuse known, disrupts normal
cardiovascular function. True vegetarian diets are missing essential
amino acids absolutely necessary for the successful rebuilding of
AlDS-ravaged tissues. Secondary gains (sympathy / martyrdom, work
avoidance, free benefits, financial assistance, etc.) play large roles
with many AIDS patients. “Recovery guilt” as friends are dying has even
precipitated suicide attempts masked as ‘accidents’. Avoid such
entanglements, since many have unconscious death wishes.
SUPERIOR ELECTRODES:
Excellent, convenient and vastly superior electrodes, reusable
indefinitely can be made by butt-soldering lead wires to ends of 1” long
by 3/32” dia. blanks cut from type 316 stainless steel rods available
from welding supply stores (Cameron Welding Supply. 11061 Dale Ave.,
Stanton, CA 90680). Use ‘Stay Clean’ flux before soldering (zinc
chloride/hydrochloric acid). Shrink-insulate TWO tight layers of tubing
over soldered joints to prevent flexing/breaking and lead/copper ions
from migrating. Wrap three or four turns of 100% cotton flannel around
rods. Spiral-wrap with strong thread starting from wire side to end,
tightly pinch cloth over the rod’s end so as to leave no metal exposed
by wrapping 6 or 7 turns of thread TIGHTLY just off end of rod, then
spiral wrap back to start and tie tightly with four knots then cut off
excess cloth at end close to pinch -wraps. Treat end windings and knots
with clear fingernail polish or Fray Check® (fabric & sewing supply
stores) to prevent ravelling. Soak in a strong solution of sea salt (not
table salt) containing a little wetting agent like Kodak Photo Flow,
ethylene glycol, or 409 kitchen cleaner. Add a few drops of household
bleach, sliver colloid, etc., for disinfectant. Store solution for
reuse. Tape soaking-wet electrodes tightly over pulse sites with paper
masking or Transpore™ tape or with 1”wide stretch elastic bands with
tabs of Velcro ® at ends to fasten. Electrodes should closely conform
precisely along blood vessels, not skewing ever so slightly over
adjacent flesh. This insures better electrical conductivity paths to
circulating blood and insures very low internal impedance. (~2000W).
Rinse and blot-dry electrodes and skin after each use. NEVER allow bare
metal to touch skin as this will cause burns manifested as small red
craters that heal slowly. The objective is to get maximum current into
blood vessels, not leak it over to adjacent tissue. Therefore never use
any electrode wider that about 1/8 inch (3 mm).
ELECTRODE PLACEMENTS:
Locate maximum pulse position (NOT to be confused with acupuncture,
reflexology, Chapman, etc. points) on feet or wrists by feeling for
maximum pulse on inside of ankle about 1”below and to rear of ankle
bone, then test along top centre of instep. Place electrode on whichever
pulse site on that foot that feels strongest. Scrub skin over chosen
sites with mild soap and water or alcohol swab. Wipe dry. Position the
electrodes lengthwise along each left and right wrists blood vessel.
Note: with subjects having perfectly healthy hearts and not wearing
pacers, it is convenient to use left wrist to right wrist exactly over
ulnar arterial pulse paths instead of on feet. Recent (Dec. 1995)
research suggests that placing both electrodes over different arteries
on the same wrist works very well (see pg. 7), avoids any current
through heart, and is much more convenient and just as effective. An 8”
long, 1” wide elastic stretch-band with two 1.5” lengths of 3/4” wide
Velcro ® sewn to ends of opposite sides makes an excellent wrist band
for holding electrodes snugly in place. With electrode cable unplugged,
turn switch ON and advance amplitude control to maximum. Push momentary
SW. 2 ‘Test’ switch and see that the red and green light emitting diodes
flash alternately. This verifies that polarity is reversing about 4
times per second (frequency is NOT critical) and that batteries are
still good. When LED’s don’t light replace all three 9V batteries. Zener
diodes will extinguish the LEDs when the three 9V battery’s initial 27V
drops below 18V after extended use. Never use any electrode larger than
1.125” (28 mm) long by 1/8” wide to avoid wasting current through
surrounding tissue. Confine exactly over blood vessels only. Apply drops
of salt water to each electrode’s cotton cover ~every 20 minutes to
combat evaporation and insure optimum current flow. Later devices are
solid-state, use only three batteries and no relays, and are much
smaller.
Now rotate amplitude control to minimum (counter-clockwise) and plug
In electrode cable. Subject now advances dial slowly until he feels a
“thumping” and tingling. Turn as high as tolerable but don’t advance
amplitude to where It is ever uncomfortable. Adjust voltage periodically
as he adapts or acclimates to current level after several minutes. If
subject perspires, skin resistance may decrease because of moisture, so
setting to a lower voltage for comfort is indicated. Otherwise it is
normal to feel progressively less sensation with time. You may notice
little or no sensation at full amplitude immediately, but feeling will
begin building up to maximum after several minutes at which time
amplitude must be decreased. Typical adapted electrode-to-electrode
impedance is on the order of 2000W. Typical comfortable input (to skin)
is ~3mA, and maximum tolerable input (full amplitude) is about7mA but
this ‘reserve’ margin although harmless is unnecessary and can be
uncomfortable. Current flowing through blood Is very much lower than
this external input because of series resistance through skin, tissue
and blood vessel walls, but 50 to 100 µA through blood is essential.
Apply blood neutralizer for about 2 hours daily for about2 months.
Use judgment here. The limiting factor is detoxification. Carefully
monitor subject’s reactions (discomfort, catarrh, skin eruptions,
weeping exudites, rashes, boils, carbuncles, coated tongue, etc.). With
very heavy infections, go slower so as not to overload body’s toxic
disposal capability. With circulation-impaired diabetics, etc., you may
wish to extend session times. Again, have subject drink lots of water.
Recent changes in theoretical protocol being currently tested suggest
following up the three weeks of treatments with a 24 hours per day
(around the clock) continuous electrification of blood for two days to
deal a knockout blow to the remaining HIV ’s 1.2 day life cycle. (A.
Perelson; Los Alamos Biophysics Group, Mar. 16, 1996 “Science” Journal.)
Remember to remoisten electrodes regularly. If you absolutely must
ingest prescription drugs, do so immediately after turning off
instrument and allow 24 hours before next treatment to let
concentrations in blood plasma decay to lower levels.
Remember, if subjects ever feel sleepy, sluggish, listless. nauseous,
faint, bloated, or headachy, or have flu-like reactions they may be
neglecting sufficient water intake for flushing toxins. We interpret
this as detoxification plus endorphin release due to electrification.
Let them rest and stabilize for about 45 minutes before driving if
indicated. If this detoxing becomes oppressive, treat every second day.
Treating at least 21 times should ‘fractionate’ both juvenile and
maturing HIV to overlap maximum neutralization sensitivity windows and
interrupt ‘budding’ occurring during HIV cells’ development cycles.
Treatments are claimed to safely neutralize many other viruses, fungi,
bacteria, parasites, and microbes in blood. See patents US 5,091,152 US
5,139,684 US 5,188,738 US 5,328,451 and others as well as numerous valid
medical studies which are presently little known or suppressed. Also.
ingesting a few oz. of about 5 parts per million of silver colloid
solution daily can give subjects a ‘second intact immune system’ and
minimise or eliminate opportunistic infections during recovery phase.
This miracle substance Is pre-1938 technology, and unlike ozone is
considered immune from FDA harassment. Silver colloid can easily be made
at home electrolytically in minutes and in any desired quantities and
parts per million strength for under 14 cents per gallon plus cost of
water. It is ridiculous to purchase it for high prices. Colloid has no
side effects, and is known to rapidly eliminate or prevent hundreds of
diseases. Sliver colloids won’t produce drug resistant strains as will
all other known antibiotics. No reasonable amount can overdose or injure
users either topically, by ingestion, or medical professional
injection.
Electronics Tutorial